ATP Liposomes

Such targeting of drugs with the aid of liposomes brought about a revolution in the field of biomedicine by increasing stability and efficacy for a wide range of therapeutic agents. Among them, liposomal adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is turning out to be one of the versatile developments offered for new applications in areas such as postharvest preservation, while also serving in drug delivery systems. BOC Sciences, a leader in biopharmaceutical research and development, has explored the potential of ATP liposomes to extend shelf life in perishable products and enhance the bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. In addition, we offer a range of custom liposome services for you to choose from. At BOC Sciences, you're sure to make a difference in liposomes.

What is Liposomal ATP?

Liposomal ATP is produced by encapsulating ATP within liposomes, which are spherical structures comprising phospholipids. These liposomes transport the substance and protect it from degradation due to the very stable environment provided. During encapsulation, a lipid bilayer is formed that really constitutes a compartment able to accommodate hydrophilic substances, among which ATP is included. This becomes particularly valuable in considering the inherent instability of ATP within an aqueous environment, wherein it is easily hydrolyzed and its biological activity reduced. Due to the optimization of formulation, the resultant ATP liposomes can be highly efficient in making sure that a large amount of ATP remains viable down to its destination site.

Schematic diagram of the preparation of a novel ATP liposome. (Jiang, X.;et al, 2024)

What is ATP?

ATP is a nucleotide—the major form of energetic currency within the cell—and it consists of the nitrogenous base adenine, the sugar ribose, and three phosphoryl groups. ATP participates in energizing various kinds of biochemical processes, which include energy transfer, metabolic reaction, and signal transduction. It is a highly energetic molecule, and may be important for maintaining cellular functions in fresh horticultural and other postharvest biological systems. It also exerts a regulatory function on calcium channels and the production of ROS, important for taming the stress responses in plant cells, hence becoming important to enhance the quality of fresh produce during postharvest storage. Besides, ATP is a substrate for kinases participating in various signaling pathways impacting growth, development, and stress tolerance in both plants and animals.

ATP Lipids

ATP lipids are special phospholipids designed to enable a more valuable function of liposomal ATP formulations. Different and various, they range from some of the most common in formulation: Phosphatidylcholine is due to good biocompatibility and stability of bilayer formation. The different possible lipid compositions chosen influence directly the characteristics of liposomes: size, encapsulation efficiency, and release kinetics. It has also been noted that lecithin generated from egg yolks can achieve maximum stability at reduced vesicle sizes, thereby enhancing the encapsulation of ATP. This may be further enhanced by the supplementation of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer to give the liposomes greater mechanical strength, reducing leakage and improving performances during storage and application.

ATP Liposome from BOC Sciences

BOC Sciences pioneered the development of optimum ATP liposomes with core interest in enhancing the stability and mechanisms of delivery of their applications. The ATP liposome formulated at BOC Sciences is prepared by using high-quality lipids combined with advanced encapsulation techniques to ensure the best performance either in biopreservation or therapeutic delivery. The severe quality control and innovation taken by the company enable it to provide ATP liposomes that meet the strict requirements of researchers and industry professionals. Equipped with state-of-the-art technologies, BOC Sciences can prepare formulations with desirable performance by effectively solving a variety of unique challenges brought about by differences in applications.

BOC Sciences' ATP Liposome Techniques

• Due to the inherent instability of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and its propensity for rapid hydrolysis, all ATP liposomes we provide are formulated in a freeze-dried (lyophilized) state.
• This freeze-drying method helps preserve the integrity of ATP during storage and transport. We utilize the freeze-thaw technique to prepare ATP liposomes, which enhances encapsulation efficiency, allowing a significant percentage of ATP molecules to be effectively incorporated within the liposomes.
• However, it is important to note that upon rehydration of the lyophilized formulation, a certain proportion of ATP may remain in free and unencapsulated forms. Fortunately, free ATP molecules typically do not exhibit negative effects when administered in animal studies or introduced into cell cultures.
• Additionally, we incorporate trehalose as a lyoprotectant in all our lyophilized liposome preparations, which further safeguards the stability and functionality of ATP during the freeze-drying process.

Benefits of BOC Sciences' ATP Liposomes

• Tailored Formulations: BOC Sciences can provide various liposomal formulations with unique formulation specifications by individual need for research and application, so as to maximize the use value of ATP in specific scenarios. This gives clients the power to position their products for target markets, whether agricultural or pharmaceutical.
• High encapsulation efficiency: BOC Sciences formulations have a high encapsulation rate of ATP, which means the highest stability and maximum bioavailability of the formulation. In any real-world application of ATP, dosage accuracy and stability are the prime concerns for ensuring the maximum actual performance.
• Research Cooperation: BOC Sciences actively develops cooperation with both academic and industrial partners in the research and application advancement of ATP liposomes, promoting innovation and sharing knowledge effectively. The culmination of this collaboration presents recent discoveries in enhancement formulations for overall field benefits.
• Comprehensive Support Services: Aside from offering high-quality ATP liposomes, the firm BOC Sciences provides high-level support services to enable clients to advance their research and application efforts by formulation optimization, stability testing, and guidance on regulatory compliance.

Properties of ATP Liposomes

Stability and Release Profile

One of the key properties of ATP liposomes is their ability to stabilize ATP, which is otherwise prone to hydrolysis and degradation. The encapsulation within liposomes protects ATP from environmental factors, allowing for sustained release over time. Research indicates that liposomes prepared with optimized lipid ratios can achieve high encapsulation efficiencies (e.g., up to 63.26%) and favorable release kinetics, making them suitable for applications requiring controlled ATP delivery. This controlled release can be tailored to meet specific needs, ensuring that ATP is available when and where it is most needed.

Biocompatibility and Non-toxicity

Liposomal ATP formulations are generally considered biocompatible and non-toxic, which is critical for both food preservation and therapeutic applications. The use of naturally derived lipids and the avoidance of harsh chemicals ensure that these liposomes can interact safely with biological systems. This characteristic makes them particularly appealing for applications in sensitive environments, such as those involving human health or food products.

Versatile Encapsulation

The ability of liposomes to encapsulate various substances, including hydrophilic ATP and other active compounds, makes ATP liposomes versatile in their applications. This feature allows for the co-delivery of ATP with other therapeutic agents, enhancing overall efficacy. For example, ATP liposomes can be designed to encapsulate antioxidants or other bioactive molecules, resulting in formulations that not only provide energy but also combat oxidative stress, thereby promoting health and longevity.

Applications of ATP Liposomes

Food Preservation

The application of ATP liposomes in food preservation is on the increase, as they possess the ability to keep perishable products like fruits and vegetables fresh. Since the metabolic processes can be controlled by the ATP liposomes, there is a huge reduction in spoilage by prolonging the period of freshness. This is an important aspect necessary for the reduction of food waste, improving food security across the globe.

Therapeutic Drug Delivery

In the pharmaceutical field, ATP liposomes can function as advanced drug delivery systems, especially in cancer therapies. Co-encapsulation with ATP can provide a synergistic effect with chemotherapeutic agents, which enhances drug release in targeted environments-such as an acidic tumor microenvironment. This targeted approach not only improves the effectiveness of the treatment but also diminishes possible side effects associated with systemic administration.

Regenerative Medicine

Other possible applications of ATP liposomes can be found in regenerative medicine, especially in the induction of wound healing and tissue regeneration. In this respect, the delivery of ATP by such liposomes to an injured tissue would trigger cellular metabolism and proliferation, which can be regarded as a promising approach toward the improvement of wound healing. This application underlines the versatility of ATP liposomes toward meeting a wide range of biomedical challenges. Besides, the application/infusion of exogenous ATP appears to be an attractive possibility in restoring the required levels of ATP in ischemic cells. However, strongly charged anions, like ATP, do not have the ability to penetrate the plasma membrane and enter the cell. Moreover, ATP is rapidly degraded within the body, hence its lifespan in the circulation is very short. These are the limitations that do not allow free ATP to be used as a bioenergy substrate for therapy.

Cosmetic Formulations

ATP liposomes can be used in cosmetic applications to enhance skin health and its regeneration. Also, this controlled release of ATP has the potentials of supporting cellular processes that can enhance skin elasticity, hydration, and, thus, may make the skin appear more youthful. This opens a new perspective in the beauty industries that confirm the relevance of active ingredients in cosmetic formulation.

ATP liposomes represent an important innovation in biopreservation and drug delivery and have opened the door to a wide range of applications that span from agriculture to the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. These valuable tools for contemporary science stabilize ATP, enhancing its bioavailability and controlled release. BOC Sciences is at the forefront of this innovation through the provision of high-quality ATP liposome formulations to meet the diverse needs of today's researchers and industry professionals. With advanced technology and professional support services, BOC Sciences continues to forge ahead, creating new records in the field of ATP liposomes and leading unmatched breakthroughs not only in biomedicine but also in many other fields.

Reference

1. Jiang, X.; et al. Preparation of a novel ATP liposome and its regulation of postharvest senescence in Agaricus bisporus. Food Bioscience. 2024, 61: 104602.